Digunakan untuk menerangkan orang, tempat dan benda
contoh : This is a difficult question

Digunakan untuk membandingkan dua benda atau orang.. benda atau orang tersebut mungkin sama atau berbeda

1. Positive

 digunakan untuk membandingkan 2 orang atau benda yang sama

• as + adjective + as ..... ( se.. / sama..dengan..)
• like and alike ... ( sama / seperti )
• the same ( as )....( sama / sama dengan / seperti )
• similar ( to )...... ( sama / seperti )
• different ( from ).... ( berbeda...dengan )

2. Comparative

  digunakan untuk membandingkan 2 orang atau benda atau sesuatu hal yang berbeda

• adjective + er...than... (lebih...dari pada...)
• more + adjective...than ....( lebih....daripada...)
• less + adjective...than... ( sedikit.....dibandingkan dengan / daripada )

3. Superlative

digunakan untuk membandingkan 3 atau lebih orang atau benda

• the + adjective + est ( paling.../ ter....)
• the most + adjrctive.... ( paling.../ ter....)

1. Kata Sifat dengan 1 suku kata

• Big - bigger - biggest
• Small - smaller - smallest
• Thin - thinner - thinnest
• Old - older - oldest
• Dst.

2. Kata Sifat yang lebih dari 1 suku kata

• Beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful
• Expensive - more expensive - most expensive
• Interesting - more interesting - most interesting
• Dst

3. Kata Sifat yang berakhiran dengan huruf "y"

• Happy - happier - happiest
• Easy - easier - easiest
• Busy - busier - busiest

4. Kata Sifat yang berakhiran dengan some, low, le, dan er

• Handsome - more handsome/handsomer - most handsome/handsomest
• Narrow - more narrow/narrower - most narrow/narrowest
• Gentle - more gentle/gentler - most gentle/gentlest
• Clever - more clever/cleverer - most clever/cleverest

Catatan: untuk kata sifat jenis di atas, lebih baik menggunakan more untuk comparative dan most untuk superlative daripada menggunakan ...er dan ...est, walaupun kedua-duanya benar.

Interjection (Kata Seru) adalah suatu bunyi seru yang ditambahkan ke dalam kalimat untuk menunjukkan perasaan atau emosi yang kuat seperti kegembiraan, kesedihan, keterkejutan, persetujuan, keheranan, dsb.

Contoh:

• Hey! Get off that floor!
• Oh, that is a surprise. 
• Good! Now we can move on.
• Jeepers, that was close.adaa

Ekspresi pengantar seperti "yes", "no", "indeed" dan "well" dalam Bahasa Inggris juga disebut Interjection.

Contoh:

• Indeed, this is not the first time the stand has collapsed.
• Yes, I do intend to honour the bet.

Ada juga bunyi atau suara yang juga dianggap Interjection

Contoh:

• Phew! I am not trying that again.
• Humph! I knew that last week.
• Mmmm, my compliments to the chef.

CATATAN
Tanda Baca
Interjection dapat diikuti oleh koma atau tanda seru. Koma digunakan untuk menunjukkan seruan yang ringan atau lembut, sedangkan tanda seru digunakan untuk menyatakan seruan yang lebih kuat seperti terkejut, emosi, marah, atau perasaan yang lebih mendalam lainnya.

• Hurry! The bus is about to leave!
• Jeepers! That is the largest beetle I have ever seen.
• No, I'm not going tomorrow night.
• Well, the larva moves more quickly than you would expect.
• Absolutely, a fifth of them do not count.

Pronouns (Kata Ganti) adalah kata yang menggantikan kata benda (nouns). Beberapa kata yang digunakan dalam Pronouns juga digunakan dalam Adjectives, namun berbeda fungsi dan bentuknya. Pronouns berdiri sendiri, sedangkan Adjectives membutuhkan sebuah kata benda di depannya.

Pembagian Pronouns

   1. Personal Pronouns
   2. Demonstrative Pronouns
   3. Possessive Pronouns
   4. Interrogative Pronouns
   5. Relative Pronouns
   6. Indefinite Pronouns
   7. Reflexive Pronouns
   8. Intensive Pronouns
   9. Reciprocal Pronouns

1. Personal Pronouns

Yaitu kata ganti orang, baik orang pertama, orang kedua maupun orang ketiga. Personal Pronouns berfungsi sebagai:

a. Nominative Subjective, yaitu menjadi subjek kalimat. I, we, you, they, he, she, it.

    * I study English
    * You are my new secretary.

b. Objective, yaitu menjadi objek kalimat. Me, us, you, them, him, her, it.

    *  She brings me a cup of coffee.
    * I make you a kite.

2. Demonstrative Pronouns (Kata Ganti Penunjuk)

    * This, that, those, these.
    * This is your book.
    * Those are my pencils.

Catatan:

Keempat kata di atas juga dapat dijumpai dalam Demonstrative Adjectives. Perbedaan penggunaannya hanya pada penggunaan kata benda (nouns) setelah keempat kata di atas untuk Demonstrative Adjectives.

    * This book is yours (this = adjectives)
    * This is your book. (this = pronouns)
    * These are your pencils. (these = pronouns)

3. Possessive Pronouns

Yaitu kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan. Mine, yours, theirs, ours, his, hers.

    * This house is mine. (mine = Possessive Pronouns).
    * This is my house. (my = Possessive Adjectives).

4. Relative Pronouns

Yaitu kata yang menggantikan kata yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.

Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah:

a. Menggantikan subjek.

    * Who (orang)
    * Which, that (benda, binatang)

b. Menggantikan Objek

    * whom (orang)
    * which, that (benda, binatang)

c. Menggantikan kepunyaan

    * whose (orang)
    * of which (benda, binatang)

Catatan:

Semua kata-kata di atas (who, whom, whose, which, that, dan of which) dalam bahasa Indonesia artinya �Yang�.

Contoh:

    * The man who cuts my hair is my uncle (Laki-laki yang memangkas rambut saya adalah paman saya).
    * I am waiting for the man whom you are talking about.
    * She borrows the novel of which cover is purple.
    * Pembahasan lebih lanjut mengenai topic ini akan dibahas pada topic Adjective Clause.

5. Interrogative Pronouns

Yaitu kata Tanya yang digunakan untuk mengawali suatu pertanyaan. Kata yang dipakai adalah who, what, whom, dan which.

    * Who are you?
    * What is the color of your house? (what = Pronouns)
    * What color is your house? (what = Adjectives)
    * Which is your pen? (which = Pronouns)
    * Which pen is yours? (which = Adjectives)

6. Indefinite Pronouns (Kata Ganti Tak Tentu)

Kata-kata yang sering dipakai adalah: another, anybody, something, everyone, much, neither, one, none, dll.

    * All work is not dull, some is pleasant.
    * Most of the cars are new.
    * Nobody is at home.

7. Reflexive Pronouns

Yaitu kata ganti yang merupakan pantulan dari kata ganti (Pronouns) itu sendiri.

Perhatikan bentuk kata ganti jenis ini:

    * I = myself
    * You = yourself (kamu)
    * You = yourselves (kalian)
    * We = ourselves
    * They = themselves
    * He = himself
    * She = herself
    * It = itself

Contoh:

    * I cut myself with a knife (saya kena pisau)
    * They love themselves.
    * I help myself this morning.

8. Intensive Pronouns

Yaitu kata ganti yang juga merupakan pantulan dari kata ganti itu sendiri. Namun, letaknya sesudah nouns/pronouns itu sendiri. Kata ganti jenis ini berfungsi untuk lebih menekankan / menegaskan maksud pembicaraan.

Contoh:

    * Henry himself who told me so. (Henry sendirilah yang mengatakan begitu kepadaku)
    * Mary herself repaired the computer. (Mary sendirilah - bukan orang lain - yang memperbaiki computer itu)
    * Jack himself gave me the book.

Catatan:

Berhati-hatilah dengan penggunaan kata gantu jenis ini. Perhatikan 3 contoh kalimat di bawah ini dan perhatikan perbedaannya.

    * Alex does the test himself. (= Alex mengerjakan test itu sendiri - tanpa bantuan orang lain)
    * Ted himself does the test. (=Ted sendirilah - bukan orang lain - yang mengerjakan test itu)
    * Bob does the test by himself. (= Bob mengerjakan test itu sendirian - tidak ada orang lain bersama dia)

9. Reciprocal Pronouns

Yaitu kata ganti yang menyatakan hubungan timbale balik antara 2 atau lebih. Frase yang digunakan adalah:

    * Each other = satu sama lain (2 orang)
    * One another = satu sama lain ( lebih dari 2 orang)

Contoh:

    * Henry and Elizabeth loves each other. (Henry & Elizabeth saling mencintai/ Henry & Elizabeth mencintai satu sama lainnya)
    * All children love one another.
klik disini untuk lebih jelas
http://ismailmidi.com/berita-190-pronouns.html

Conditional Sentences atau kalimat pendandaian terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu real (nyata) dan unreal (tidak nyata). Pengandaian nyata adalah bentuk pengandaian dimana pengandaian tersebut dapat menjadi kenyataan, sedangkan pengandaian tidak nyata adalah bentuk pengandaian yang tidak mungkin akan jadi kenyataan karena beberapa sebab seperti dijelaskan di bawah ini:

Conditional Sentences terbagi-bagi lagi seperti akan kami jelaskan di bawah ini:


RUMUS

• [If / When ... Simple Present ..., ... Simple Present ...]
• [... Simple Present ... if / when ... Simple Present ...]

KEGUNAAN

Present Real Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang apa yang secara normal Anda lakukan dalam situasi kehidupan normal.

Contoh:

• If I go to a friend's house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers.
• When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach.
• If the weather is nice, she walks to work.
• Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time.
• I read if there is nothing on TV.
• A: What do you do when it rains?
  B: I stay at home.
• A: Where do you stay if you go to Sydney?
  B: I stay with my friends near the harbor.

If / When

"if" dan "when" digunakan dalam Present Real Conditional. "if" digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang sesuatu yang jarang terjadi, sedangkan "when" digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang kejadian yang sudah biasa atau sering terjadi.

Contoh:

• When I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
  I regularly have days off from work.
• If I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
  I rarely have days off from work.

Present Unreal Conditional

RUMUS

• [If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...]
• [... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]

USE

Present Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang apa yang akan terjadi dalam situasi imajenasi (mengandai-andai).

Contoh:

• If I owned a car, I would drive to work. But I don't own a car.
• She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn't have much money.
• I would read more if I didn't watch so much TV.
• Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese.
• If they worked harder, they would earn more money.
• A: What would you do if you won the lottery?
  B: I would buy a house.
• A: Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.?
  B: I would live in Seattle.

PENGECUALIAN If I were ...

Dalam Present Unreal Conditional, bentuk "was" tidak digunakan. Gunakanlah "were" sebagai gantinya untuk semua subjek. Namun, dalam percakapan sehari-hari, "was" sering digunakan.

Contoh:

• If he were French, he would live in Paris.
• If she were rich, she would buy a yacht.
• I would play basketball if I were taller.
• I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.
• I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. Not Correct (But often said in conversation.)

PENTING, HANYA GUNAKAN "If"

Hanya kata "if" digunakan dalam Present Unreal Conditional karena kita sedang membicarakan sesuatu yang tidak nyata atau hanya sebatas imajenasi belaka. "When" tidak bisa digunakan.

Contoh:

• I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. Not Correct
• I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. Correct

Conditional Dengan Modals

Ada beberapa Modals yang digunakan dalam Conditional seperti tersebut di bawah ini:

1. would + can = could
2. would + shall = should
3. would + may = might

Kata "can," "shall" dan "may" tidak dapat digunakan dengan "would." Kata ini digunakan dalam bentuk khusus.

Contoh:

• If I went to Egypt, I would can learn Arabic. Not Correct
• If I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. Correct

• If she had time, she would may go to the party. Not Correct
• If she had time, she might go to the party. Correct

Kata "could," should," "might" dan "ought to" sudah termasuk dalam conditional, jadi Anda tidak perlu menggabungkannya dengan "would."

Contoh:

• If I had more time, I would could exercise after work. Not Correct
• If I had more time, I could exercise after work. Correct

• If he invited you, you really would should go. Not Correct
• If he invited you, you really should go. Correct

Past Real Conditional

RUMUS

• [If / When ... Simple Past ..., ... Simple Past ...]
• [... Simple Past... if / when ... Simple Past ...]

PENGGUNAAN

Past Real Conditional menggambarkan apa yang biasanya Anda lakukan dalam waktu tertentu di situasi nyata kehidupan Anda. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa kebiasaan Anda tadi telah berubah dan Anda biasanya tidak lakukan akhir-akhir ini.

Contoh:

• If I went to a friend's house for dinner, I usually took a bottle of wine or some flowers. I don't do that anymore.
• When I had a day off from work, I often went to the beach. Now, I never get time off.
• If the weather was nice, she often walked to work. Now, she usually drives.
• Jerry always helped me with my homework when he had time. But he doesn't do that anymore.
• A: What did you usually do when it rained?
  B: I usually stayed at home.

CATATAN

Bentuk "used to" menggambarkan suatu ide bahwa sesuatu yang merupakan kebiasaan lama telah berhenti dan tidak lagi dilakukan di masa lalu. Bentuk ini bisanya digunakan dalam kalimat Past Real Conditional untuk menekankan bahwa dulunya itu adalah kebiasaan.

Contoh:

• If I went to a friend's house for dinner, I used to take a bottle of wine or some flowers. I don't do that anymore.
• When I had a day off from work, I used to go to the beach. Now, I never get time off.
• If the weather was nice, she used to walk to work. Now, she usually drives.
• Jerry used to help me with my homework when he had time. But he doesn't do that anymore.
• A: What did you usually do when it rained?
  B: I used to stay at home.

If / When

"if" dan "when" digunakan dalam Past Real Conditional. "if" digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang suatu perkerjaan atau aktivitas yang jarang terjadi di masa lampau. Sedangkan "when" digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu aktivitas dulunya sering terjadi.

Contoh:

• When I had a day off from work, I usually went to the beach.
• I regularly had days off from work.
• If I had a day off from work, I usually went to the beach.
• I rarely had days off from work.

Past Unreal Conditional

RUMUS

• [If ... Past Perfect ..., ... would have + past participle ... ]
• [... would have + past participle ... if ... Past Perfect ...]

PENGGUNAAN

Past Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan situasi yang menjadi imajenasi di masa lampau.

Contoh:

• If I had owned a car, I would have driven to work. But I didn't own one, so I took the bus.
• She would have traveled around the world if she had had more money. But she didn't have much money, so she never traveled.
• I would have read more as a child if I hadn't watched so much TV. Unfortunately, I did watch a lot of TV, so I never read for entertainment.
• Mary would have gotten the job and moved to Japan if she had studied Japanese in school instead of French.
• If Jack had worked harder, he would have earned more money. Unfortunately, he was lazy and he didn't earn much.
• A: What would you have done if you had won the lottery last week?
  B: I would have bought a house.
• A: What city would you have chosen if you had decided to move to the United States?
  B: I would have chosen Seattle.

Penggunaan "If"

"if" digunakan dalam Past Unreal Conditional sedangkan "when" tidak dapat digunakan dalam bentuk ini.

Contoh:

• I would have bought that computer when it had been cheaper. Not Correct
• I would have bought that computer if it had been cheaper. Correct

Conditional Dengan Modal Verbs

Perhatikan bentuk Modals dalam Conditional di bawah ini:

1. would have + can = could have
2. would have + shall = should have
3. would have + may = might have

Kata "can," "shall" dan "may" tidak dapat digunakan dengan "would have."

Contoh:

• If I had gone to Egypt, I could have learned Arabic.
• If she had had time, she might have gone to the party.

Kata "could," should," "might" dan "ought to" sudah termasuk dalam Conditional, jadi tidak perlu Anda gabungkan dengan "would have."

Contoh:

• If I had had more time, I could have exercised after work.
• If he had invited you, you might have gone.

Future Real Conditional

RUMUS

• [If / When ... Simple Present ..., ... Simple Future ...]
• [... Simple Future ... if / when ... Simple Present ...]

PENGGUNAAN

Future Real Conditional menggambarkan apa yang Anda pikirkan akan terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang. Bentuk ini berbeda dengan bentuk Real Conditional karena Anda tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Walaupun bentuk ini disebut dengan "real", Anda biasanya membayangkan atau menebak apa yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Disebut dengan "real" karena apa yang kita bayangkan atau pikirkan bisa saja terjadi di masa yang akan datang.

Contoh:

• If I go to my friend's house for dinner tonight, I will take a bottle of wine or some flowers.
• I am still not sure if I will go to his house or not.
• When I have a day off from work, I am going to go to the beach.
• I have to wait until I have a day off.
• If the weather is nice, she is going to walk to work.
• It depends on the weather.
• Jerry will help me with my homework when he has time.
• I have to wait until he has time.
• I am going to read if there is nothing on TV.
• It depends on the TV schedule.
• A: What are you going to do if it rains?
  B: I am going to stay at home.

If / When

"if" dan "when" digunakan untuk Future Real Conditional, namun penggunaannya berbeda dengan bentuk Real Conditional. Dalam Future Real Conditional, "if" digunakan utnuk menjelaskan apa yang Anda tidak ketahui apa yang akan terjadi, sedangkan "when" digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu kejadian yang Anda ketahui akan terjadi pada waktu tertentu.

Contoh:

• When you call me, I will give you the address.
• You are going to call me later, and at that time, I will give you the address.
• If you call me, I will give you the address.
• If you want the address, you can call me.

Future Unreal Conditional

BENTUK Ke 1 (Bentuk Yang Paling Umum)

• [If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...]
• [... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]

PENGGUNAAN

Future Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang situasi yang kita bayangkan di masa yang akan datang. Bentuk ini tidak sama dengan Future Real Conditional karena apapun bisa terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Bentuk ini hanya digunakan ketika si pembicara perlu untuk menekankan bahwa sesuatu itu tidak mungkin. Karena bentuk ini hampir sama dengan Present Unreal Conditional, banyak native speaker lebih suka menggunakan bentuk ke 2 di bawah

Contoh:

• If I had a day off from work next week, I would go to the beach.
  I don't have a day off from work.
• I am busy next week. If I had time, I would come to your party.
  I can't come.
• Jerry would help me with my homework tomorrow if he didn't have to work.
  He does have to work tomorrow.

BENTUK Ke 2

• [If ... were + present participle ..., ... would be + present participle ...]
• [... would be + present participle ... if ... were + present participle ...]

PENGGUNAAN

Bentuk ke 2 dari Future Unreal Conditional juga digunakan untuk membayangkan apa yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Native speaker lebih suka menggunakan bentuk ini dari pada bentuk ke 1 untuk menekankan pengandaian di masa yang akan datang. Perhatikan contoh kalimat di bawah ini bahwa bentuk ini dapat digunakan dalam bentuk if-clause, hasil, ATAU Kedua bagian kalimat.

Contoh:

• If I were going to Fiji next week, I would be taking my scuba diving gear with me. In if-clause dan hasil.
  I am not going to go to Fiji and I am not going to take my scuba gear with me.
• If I were not visiting my grandmother tomorrow, I would help you study. Dalam if-clause.
  I am going to visit my grandmother tomorrow.
• I am busy next week. If I had time, I would be coming to your party. Hasilnya
  I am not going to come to your party.

BENTUK Ke 3

• [If ... were going to + verb ..., ... would be + present participle ...]
• [... would be + present participle ... if ... were going to + verb ...]

PENGGUNAAN

Bentuk ke 3 dari Future Unreal Conditional merupakan bentuk variasi dari bentuk ke 2 yang juga digunakan untuk menjelaskan situasi yang kita bayangkan di masa yang akan datang. Perhatikan bahwa bentuk ini hanya berbeda dengan bentuk ke-2 dalam hal "if-clause". Native speaker menggunakan bentuk ke-3 ini untuk menekankan bahwa bentuk conditional ini merupakan rencana atau prediksi.

Contoh:

• If I were going to go to Fiji next week, I would be taking my scuba diving gear with me. (I am not going to go to Fiji and I am not going to take my scuba gear with me.)
• If I were not going to visit my grandmother tomorrow, I would help you study. (I am going to visit my grandmother tomorrow)

Penggunaan "If"

"if" hanya digunakan dalam Past Unreal Conditional karena apa yang kita diskusikan adalah situasi yang kita bayangkan. "when" tidak dapat digunakan.

Contoh:

• I would buy that computer tomorrow when it were cheaper. Not Correct
• I would buy that computer tomorrow if it were cheaper. Correct

Conditional with Modal Verbs

Perhatikan beberapa bentuk penggabungan Modals Verbs di bawah ini:

1. would + can = could
2. would + shall = should
3. would + may = might

Kata "can," "shall" dan "may" dapat digunakan dengan "would."

Contoh:

• If I went to Egypt next year, I would can learn Arabic. Unfortunately, that's not possible. Not Correct
• If I went to Egypt next year, I could learn Arabic. Unfortunately, that's not possible. Correct

Kata "could," should," "might" dan "ought to" tidak perlu digabungkan dengan "would."

Contoh:

• If I didn't have to work tonight, I would could go to the fitness center. Not Correct
• If I didn't have to work tonight, I could go to the fitness center. Correct

Future Real Conditional vs. Future Unreal Conditional

Untuk membantu Anda memahami perbedaan antara Future Real Conditional dan Future Unreal Conditional, bandingkan kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini

Contoh:

• If you help me move tomorrow, I will buy you dinner. Future Real Conditional (I don't know if you can help me)
• If you helped me move tomorrow, I would buy you dinner. Future Unreal Conditional (You can't help me, or you don't want to help me)

Present Unreal Conditional + Continuous

RUMUS

• If-clause: [were + present participle]
• Result: [would be + present participle]

PENGGUNAAN

Present Unreal Conditional + Continuous digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang situasi yang kita bayangkan akan sedang terjadi.

Contoh Dalam if-clause:

• If the sun were shining, I would go to the beach. (Unfortunately, it is raining so I can't go)
• If Sam were sitting here, we would be able to ask him the question ourselves. (But Sam is not sitting here. He is somewhere else)
• We would be able to go sailing if the wind were blowing. (But there is no wind, so we can't go sailing)

Contoh Dalam Hasil:

• If I were in Hawaii, I would be lying on the beach. (But I am not in Hawaii)
• If my grandfather were here, he would be talking about the war. (But he is not here)
• I would be rafting down the Colorado River right now if my leg weren't broken. (But my leg is broken, so I am not there)

Past Unreal Conditional + Continuous

RUMUS

• If-clause: [had been + present participle]
• Result: [would have been + present participle]

PENGGUNAAN

Past Unreal Conditional + Continuous digunakan untuk menjelaskan situasi yang kita bayangkan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang lalu.

Contoh Dalam if-clause:

• If I had been talking to him when he said that, I would have punched him in the face. (But I wasn't talking to him when he said that)
• If he had been standing near the house when the wall collapsed, it would have killed him. (Luckily, he moved away before the wall fell)

Contoh Dalam Hasil:

• If you had gone to his house last night, he would have been sitting on his couch in front of the TV. (But you didn't go to his house, so you didn't see what he was doing)
• If she had missed her train, he would have been waiting for her at the station for hours. (Luckily, she caught her train and he didn't have to wait)

CATATAN: Past Unreal Conditional + Continuous dapat digunakan seperti Past Continuous dalam situasi yang kita bayangkan untuk menekankan interupsi atau aktivitas parallel di masa yang lampau.

Contoh Dalam if-clause:

• If James had been crossing the street when the car ran the red light, it would have hit him.
• If Tom had been studying while Becky was making dinner, he would have finished his homework early and they could have gone to the movie.

Contoh Dalam Hasil:

• If James hadn't stopped to tie his shoe, he would have been crossing the street when the car ran the red light.
• If you had gone to their house last night, Bob would have been reading the newspaper, Nancy would have been talking on the phone and the kids would have been watching TV. They always do the same things.

CATATAN: Past Unreal Conditional + Continuous dapat juga digunakan seperti Present Perfect Continuous atau Past Perfect Continuous untuk membayangkan situasi yang bertujuan untuk menekankan durasi suatu aktivitas.

Contoh Dalam if-clause:

• Scott said he had been studying Greek for more than five years. If he had been studying the language that long, I think he would have been able to interpret for us at the airport.
• Sarah claimed she had been waiting in the rain for more than twenty minutes by the time we arrived, but she wasn't even wet. If she had been waiting that long, I think she would have been totally drenched by the time we arrived.

Contoh Dalam Hasil:

• Terry's plane arrived ahead of schedule. If I hadn't decided to go to the airport early, she would have been waiting there for more than twenty minutes before I arrived.
• At the travel agency yesterday, I waited for more than an hour for somebody to help me. Finally, I got up and left. If I hadn't decided to leave, I would have been sitting there forever.

Future Unreal Conditional + Continuous

RUMUS

• If-clause: [were + present participle]
• Result: [would be + present participle]

PENGGUNAAN

Future Unreal Conditional + Continuous dapat digunakan seperti Future Continuous yaitu untuk membayangkan situasi yang menekankan kegiatan parallel di masa yang akan datang.

CATATAN: Bentuk future kelihatannya bentuknya sama dengan bentuk present. Future menunjukkan kata-kata seperti "tomorrow," "next week" atau "in a couple of days."

Contoh Dalam if-clause:

• If I were waiting there next week when he gets off the plane, he would be totally surprised. (But I will not be waiting there, so he won't be surprised)
• If he were staying in that hotel next week while the conference is being held, he might be able to meet some of the key speakers and tell them about our new product. (I don't think he will be able to stay at the hotel, so he won't be able to meet anybody there)

Contoh dalam hasil:

• If I were able to go to the train station tonight to meet Sandra, I would be standing on the platform waiting for her when she arrives. (I won't be able to go to the train station, so I will not be standing there when she arrives)
• If you went over to Paul's house after work, he would probably be sitting there at his computer surfing the Internet. (But you won't go over)

Berikut ini akan kami jelaskan Conditional Campuran. Perhatikan tulisan-tulisan yang bercetak tebal.

1. Hijau = Present Unreal Conditional
   
2. Biru = Past Unreal Conditional
3. Ungu = Future Unreal Conditional

• If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.(But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now)
• If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities. (But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities)
• If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here. (But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here)
• If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow. (But she didn't sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn't going to join us tomorrow)
• If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he would be moving to Shanghai.(But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai)
• If Darren hadn't wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, he would go to Mexico with us next month.(But Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas and he won't go to Mexico with us next month)
• If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday.(But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy the Ferrari yesterday)
• If Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated the letter for you.(But Sam doesn't speak Russian and that is why he didn't translate the letter)
• If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night.(But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night)
• If I didn't have so much vacation time, I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week. (But I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week)
• If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the new advertising campaign.(But Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the new campaign)
• If Dan weren't so nice, he wouldn't be tutoring you in math tonight. (But Dan is nice and he is going to tutor you tonight)
• If I weren't going on my business trip next week, I would have accepted that new assignment at work.(But I am going to go on a business trip next week, and that is why I didn't accept that new assignment at work)
• If my parents weren't coming this weekend, I would have planned a nice trip just for the two of us to Napa Valley. (But my parents are going to come this weekend, and that is why I didn't plan a trip for the two of us to Napa Valley)
• If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.(But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we go to that nice Italian restaurant)
• If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited. (But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited)
• If Sandy were giving a speech tomorrow, she would be very nervous. (But Sandy is not going to give a speech tomorrow and that is why she in not nervous)
• If Seb didn't come with us to the desert, everyone would be very disappointed. (But Seb will come with us to the desert and that is why everyone is so happy) 

selengkapnya
http://ismailmidi.com/berita-263-conditional-sentences.html

Disjunct adalah jenis Kata Keterangan (Adverbs) yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan informasi yang dianggap tidak penting dalam sebuah kalimat, namun kata ini justru menunjukkan perilaku pembicara atau penulis. Untuk lebih jelasnya, silahkan ikuti terus penjelasan di bawah ini.

Contoh:

    * Fortunately, we managed to get there on time.

Kata "Fortunately" menunjukkan bahwa pembicara sangat senang dengan apa yang sudah dilakukannya.

Secara umum, istilah "disjunct" digunakan untuk menunjukkan elemen kalimat yang tidak terintegrasi secara penuh ke dalam struktur sebuah kalimat. Disjunct biasanya berada di awal atau akhir kalimat dan dipisahkan dengan tanda baca koma (,).

Contoh Lain:

   1. Honestly, I couldn't believe it.
   2. Unfortunately, Kim has had to leave us.
   3. Honestly, I didn't do it.
   4. Fortunately for you, I have it right here.
   5. In my opinion, the green one is better.
   6. Frankly, Martha, I don't give a hoot.
more lesson

Determiner adalah kata yang diletakkan di depan kata benda yang fungsinya adalah untuk menjelaskan kata benda tersebut. Dalam Bahasa Inggris banyak kita jumpai Determiner seperti yang akan kami jelaskan di bawah ini:

Di bawah ini adalah Kelompok-kelompok Determiner:

    * Definite and Indefinite articles

    the, a, an

    * Demonstratives

    this, that, these, those

    * Possessives

    my, your, his, her, its, our, their

    * Quantifiers

    a few, a little, much, many, a lot of, most, some, any, enough, etc.

    * Numbers

    one, ten, thirty, etc.

    * Distributive

    all, both, half, either, neither, each, every

    * Difference words

    other, another

    * Question words

    Which, what, whose

    * Defining words

    which, whose

selengkapnya disini

Subjunctive adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian. Namun topik Subjunctive ini berbeda dengan Conditional. Conditional adalah kalimat pengandaian juga namun perbedaannya adalah Conditional dilengkapi dengan syarat-syarat tertentu untuk mengandai-andai. Misalnya "Aku akan mengundanya jika aku jadi kamu.". Berikut ini adalah penjelasan tentang Subjunctives.

Struktur Subjunctive

be (past)

    * I were
    * you were
    * he, she, it were
    * we were
    * you were
    * they were

be (present)

    * I be
    * you be
    * he, she, it be
    * we be
    * you be
    * they be

Kata kerja lain (past & present)

    * I work
    * you work
    * he, she, it work
    * we work
    * you work
    * they work

Penggunaan Subjunctive

Kita menggunakan subjunctives ketika kita berbicara tentang suatu kegiatan yang sebenarnya tidak akan terjadi. Kita menggunakan subjunctive ketika berbicara tentang kegiatan yang seseorang:

    * Inginkan agar terjadi
    * Harapkan akan terjadi
    * Membayangkan akan terjadi

Contoh:

    * The President requests that you be present at the meeting.
    * It is vital that you be present at the meeting.
    * If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy.

Subjunctive biasanya menggunakan kedua struktur berikut:

    * Kata Kerja: ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest + that
    * Ekspresi: it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that

Contoh:

    * The manager insists that the car park be locked at night.
    * The board of directors recommended that he join the company.
    * It is essential that we vote as soon as possible.
    * It was necessary that every student submit his essay by the weekend.

Perhatikan bahwa struktur berikut ini, subjunctive-nya sama. Tidak masalah kalimat itu tenses-nya past atau present. Contoh:

    * Present: The President requests that they stop the occupation.
    * Past: The President requested that they stop the occupation.

    * Present: It is essential that she be present.
    * Past: It was essential that she be present.

Kita selalu menggunakan were sebagai pengganti "was" setelah if (dan kata lainnya yang memiliki arti yang sama). Contoh:

    * If I were you, I would ask her.
    * Suppose she were here. What would you say?


Mengapa kita menggunakan "I were", "he were"?

Kita sering mendengar orang berkata "if I were you, I would go" atau "if he were here, he would tell you". Memang normalnya adalah: I was, he was. Tetapi struktur if I were you tidak melihat Past Tense". Struktur tersebut hanya mengenal past subjunctive untuk "to be" nya. Perhatikan contoh kata-kata/frase di bawah ini untuk struktur di atas:

    * if
    * as if
    * wish
    * suppose

    * If I were younger, I would go. (FORMAL)
    * If I was younger, I would go. (INFORMAL)
    * If he weren't so mean, he would buy one for me.(FORMAL)
    * If he wasn't so mean, he would buy one for me. (INFORMAL)
    * I wish I weren't so slow! (FORMAL)
    * I wish I wasn't so slow! (INFORMAL)
    * I wish it were longer. (FORMAL)
    * I wish it was longer. (INFORMAL)
    * It's not as if I were ugly. (FORMAL)
    * It's not as if I was ugly. (INFORMAL)
    * She acts as if she were Queen. (FORMAL)
    * She acts as if she was Queen. (INFORMAL)
    * If I were you, I should tell her. (FORMAL)
    * If I was you, I should tell her.  (INFORMAL)

Note: We do not normally say "if I was you", even in familiar conversation.

Beberapa ekspresi menggunakan subjunctive. Contoh:

    * Long live the King!
    * God bless America!
    * Heaven forbid!
    * Be that as it may, he still wants to see her.
    * Come what may, I will never forget you.
    * We are all citizens of the world, as it were.
belajar bahasa ingris terlengkap disini

masuk
Preposition (Kata Depan) adalah kata yang tidak dapat berubah bentuknya dan biasanya di letakkan di depan kata benda atau padanan kata benda lainnya (objek) yang bertujuan untuk menunjukkan hubungannya tertentu dengan kata-kata lain dalam kalimat.

Di bawah ini adalah contoh Kata Depan (Preposition)

above, about, across, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, since, to, toward, through, under, until, up, upon, with, within.

Contoh:

    * It is a container for butter.
      (Preposition "for" menunjukkan hubungan antara "butter" dan "container".)
    * The eagle soared above the clouds.

BENTUK PREPOSITION

Bentuk-bentuk Kata Depan adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Simple Preposition (Kata Depan Tunggal)

    * after, at, by, for, from, of, over, on, in, through, to, off, till, under, up, with, dsb

2. Double Preposition (Kata Depan Ganda)

    * into, onto, from under, from among, from off, from within, over against, dsb

3. Compund Preposition (Kata Depan Majemuk)

    * across (on cross), along (on long), behind (by hind), about (on by out), above (on by up), before (by fore), beneath (by neath), beside (by side), between (by twain), beyond (by yonder), but (by out except), within (with in), without (with out), dsb

4. Participal Preposition (Kata Depan Partisif)

    * pending, during, notwithstanding, past, except, considering, concerning, regarding, dsb

5. Prepositional Phrase (Frase Kata Depan)

    * because of, by means of, in behalf of, in front of, in view of, by reason of, with respect to, with regard to, aith relation to, on behalf of, in spite of, dsb.

6. Disguised Preposition (Kata Depan Tersembunyi)

    * three o'clock (three of clock)
    * Jack o'lantern (Jack of the lantern)
    * He has gone a-hunting (on hunting)

PREPOSITION DI AKHIR KALIMAT

Hindari meletakkan sebuah kata depan di akhir kalimat.Karena kata depan sebaiknya di depan kata benda

Contoh:

    * That is a situation I have not thought of. (SALAH)
    * She is a person I cannot cope with. (SALAH)
    * It is behaviour I will not put up with. (SALAH)

Kalau Anda terbentur pada posisi kata depan yang menurut Anda harus diletakkan di akhir kalimat, maka pindahkan posisinya pada tempat yang tepat dan tidak merubah makna kalimat yang ingin Anda sampaikan.

Contoh:

    * That is a situation of which I have not thought.
    * She is a person with whom I cannot cope.
    * It is behaviour up with which I will not put.

Namun cara yang terbaik adalah dengan mengganti kata agar tidak membingungkan pembaca. Tapi perlu diingat, penggantian kata tersebut tidak merubah makna dan memiliki arti yang sama dengan kata yang ingin kita gantikan. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini untuk menggantikan contoh kalimat di atas.

Contoh:

    * That is a situation I have not considered.
    * It is behaviour I will not tolerate.



Ingin belajar bahasa inggris terlengkap klik disini

Noun clause adalah clause (i.e. subject dan verb) yang difungsikan sebagai noun. Noun clause dalam kalimat pada umumnya digunakan sebagai subject dan object kalimat.

Noun clause dapat diawali oleh:

* Question word atau relative pronoun baik berupa single question word maupun phrase:
o Single question word (i.e. when, how, what, ect.).
o Question word + determiner/ noun/ adjective / adverb.
o Question word + infinitive.
* Conjunction (i.e. whether dan if).
* That atau the fact that.

Sehingga pola dari noun clause adalah:

Question word/conjunction/that + subject + verb + …
A. Noun Clauses diawali dengan Question words

Dalam How to Address Questions sudah dibahas tentang penggunaan kata tanya baik dalam membuat information questions maupun dalam membuat embedded questions. Embedded questions tersebut adalah noun clause. Dalam section ini diberikan contoh tambahan untuk merefresh memori anda.
1. Single question words.

Contoh:

1. Where she is now is still unknown.
2. When they arrive is still uncertain.
3. I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt. Perhatikan: dalam kalimat ini, noun clause what you did last summer menjadi object dari I know dan I still know, dan setelah digabung dengan: are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt, menjadi subject majemuk dari kalimat.

Noun clause dapat ditempatkan diawal kalimat (sebagai subject) atau sebagai object. Jika anda ingin merubah posisi noun clause dari subject kalimat menjadi object kalimat, biasanya dibutuhkan pronoun it atau sedikit modifikasi kata. Contoh di atas menjadi:

1. It is still unknown where she is now.
2. Do you know when they arrive?
3. Two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt are I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer. Karena merupakan judul movies, noun clause what you did last summer tidak perlu diputar posisinya.

Note:

a) Clause yang diawali oleh question words tertentu (i.e. when, whenever, where) juga dapat berfungsi sebagai adverbial clause.

Contoh:

1. I was reading a book when the phone rang.
2. I went to where I and my ex girlfriend had been last weekend.
3. I suddenly get nausea whenever I see his face. (nausea = mual/mau muntah).

Contoh yang lain dapat dibaca di topik: Conjunctions.

b). Clause yang diawali oleh question words tertentu (i.e. who, whom, whose + noun) juga dapat berfungsi sebagai adjective clause. Dalam hal ini, kata tanya tersebut sebenarnya adalah relative pronoun. Well, jangan terlalu dipusingkan dengan istilah. Yang penting anda mengerti pola/struktur kalimatnya. Tapi, jika anda penasaran, silakan baca topic adjective clauses.

Contoh:

1. I think you whom Mr. Dodi was looking for. (Saya kira kamu (orang) yang pak Dodi sedang cari-cari tadi).
2. Mr. Dodi, who is a teacher, was looking for you at school.
3. Rommy, whose book was stolen last week, just bought another new book yesterday.

Lantas, bagaimana cara membedakan apakah itu noun clause, adverbial clause, atau adjective clause? Jawabannya sederhana. Noun clause dapat digantikan dengan pronoun it, sedangkan adverbial clause dan adjective clause tidak. Noun clause menjawab pertanyaan what dan who/whom; Adverbial clause menjawab pertanyaan when, where, how (termasuk how much, how often, ect), dan why. Adjective clause (i.e. kata sifat yang berbentuk clause) menerangkan noun, dan relative pronounnya (i.e. who, that, ect.) dalam bahasa Indonesia berarti “yang“. Adverbial clauses sudah disinggung pada pembahasan tentang conjunctions. Khusus untuk perbedaan noun clause dan adjective clause dapat dibaca di topik: Perbedaan Noun Clause dan Adjective Clause.
2. Question words + ever/soever

Kecuali how, diakhir question words dapat ditambahkan ever atau soever menjadi whenever = whensoever, whatever= whatsoever, dan seterusnya. Arti ever atau soever di sini sama, yaitu saja/pun, tinggal dikombinasikan dengan kata tanya di depannya. Sedangkan, how+ever menjadi however (i.e. adverb atau juga disebut kata transisi yang berarti namun/walapun demikian) tidak termasuk dalam katagori ini.

Contoh:

1. We will accept whatever you want us to do. (Kami akan menerima/melakukan apa saja yang kamu ingin kami lakukan).
2. Whoever can melt her feeling is a very lucky guy. (melt = meluluhkan). Be careful: guy (dibaca gae)= laki-laki, sedangkan gay (dibaca gei) = fag = homo.
3. She has agreed to wherever the man would bring her. (Dia telah setuju kemanapun pria itu membawanya pergi). Note: in speaking (informal), preposition (dalam hal ini to, etc.) biasanya diletakkan di ujung kalimat. She has agreed wherever the man would bring her to.

3. Question words + nouns

Question words + nouns yang sering digunakan antara lain: what time (jam berapa), what day (hari apa), what time (jam berapa), what kind (jenis apa), what type (tipe apa), whose + nouns (i.e. whose car, whose book, ect.), dan seterusnya.

Contoh:

1. I can’t remember what day we will take the exam.
2. As long as I am faithful, she doesn’t care what type of family I come from. (faithful = setia).
3. Do you know what time it is?
4. I don’t know whose car is parked in front of my house.

4. Question words + adjectives

Question words + adjectives yang sering digunakan antara lain: how long (berapa panjang/lama), how far (berapa jauh), how old (berapa tua/umur), ect.

Contoh:

1. Man! She still looks young. Do you know how old she actually is?
2. I am lost. Could you tell me how far it is from here to the post office?
3. What a jerk. He didn’t even ask how long I had been waiting for him.

5. Question words + determiners.

Question words + determiners yang sering digunakan adalah: how many (berapa banyak) dan how much (berapa banyak). Remember: how many diikuti oleh plural nouns, sedangkan how much diikuti oleh uncountable nouns.

Contoh:

1. Is there any correlation between how good he or she is in English and how many books he or she has?
2. How much your English skill will improve is determined by how hard you practice.

6. Question words + adverbs.

Question words + adverbs yang sering digunakan adalah: how often (berapa sering), how many times (berapa kali) ect.

Contoh:

1. No matter how often I practice, my English still sucks. (Tidak memandang berapa kali saya latihan, bahasa Inggris saya masih jelek). Suck (informal verb) = jelek/tidak baik; arti suck yang lain: mengisap.
2. I don’t want my parents to know how many times I have left school early. (leave school early = bolos).

7. Question words + infinitives.

Jika question words langsung diikuti oleh infinitives, invinitives tersebut mengandung makna should atau can/could. Perhatikan bahwa subject setelah question words dihilangkan.

Contoh:

1. She didn’t know what to do = She didn’t know what she should do. (Dia tidak tahu apa yang seharusnya dia lakukan).
2. Please tell me how to get the train station from here = Please tell me how I can get the train station from here.
3. We haven’t decided when to go to the beach = We haven’t decided when we should go to the beach.
4. Marry told us where to find her = Marry told us where we could find her.

B. Noun clauses diawali dengan whether/if

Whether bisa diikuti oleh OR/NOT bisa juga tidak; makna kalimat biasanya sama walaupun OR/NOT tidak disebutkan (ini tergantung konteks kalimat). Untuk penggunaan if, selain telah dibahas di topic conjunctions, juga telah dibahas di topic conditionals. Note: whether pelafalannya sama dengan weather (cuaca), tulisannya juga mirip. Be careful, jangan sampai tertukar.

Contoh:

1. I am not sure whether she is coming or not = I am not sure whether or not she is coming = I am not sure whether she is coming. (Saya tidak yakin apakah dia akan datang atau tidak).
2. We can’t decide whether we should go out or stay home. = We can’t decide whether to go or (to) stay home. Perhatikan, infinitives juga dapat digunakan setelah whether.
3. I am not sure whether I should take economics or law after I graduate from high school. (Saya tidak yakin apakah saya harus ngambil Ekonomi atau Hukum setelah lulus SMA nanti).
4. If you take economics, I will take economics. On the other hand, if you take law, I will take law too.

C. Noun clauses diawali dengan that/the fact that

Di sini that berarti bahwa, sedangkan the fact that berarti fakta bahwa. Sedangkan, that dalam adjective clauses berarti yang.

Contoh:

1. That she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20 surprises a lot of people = It surprises a lot of people that she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20.
2. It is the fact that the world is round = the fact that the world is round is well known.
3. It was obvious that she was very sick = The fact that she was very sick was obvious.
4. It seems that it is going to rain soon.

Sekarang coba anda latihan buat kalimat dengan menggunakan:

1. It is + (true, too bad, unfortunate, strange, impossible, unlikely, a well known fact, my belief, etc) + (that/the fact that) + S +V.
2. It + stative + (that/the fact that) + S +V. Kata-kata yang termasuk stative verbs dapat dilihat pada topik simple present tense. klik disini

Verb (kata kerja) digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aktivitas dari sesuatu atau sekelompok nouns. Dalam kalimat, kata kerja berfungsi sebagai predikat. Kata kerja pada umumnya memerlukan objek (disebut kata kerja transitif), tetapi ada juga beberapa kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan objek (disebut kata kerja intransitif). Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:

1. I run every morning. (Saya lari setiap pagi).
2. She always sleeps well. (Dia selalu tidur dengan nyenyak).
3. Didit always cries. (Didit selalu menangis).
4. My mother is cooking five different meals for our special guests. (Ibu saya sedang memasak 5 jenis masakan yang berbeda untuk tamu istimewa kami).
5. I study English every Saturday night. (Saya belajar English setiap Sabtu malam).
6. My father is dividing the mango fruit into five. (Ayahku sedang membagi buah mangga itu menjadi 5 bagian).

Kalimat 1 sampai 3 adalah kalimat intransitif karena tidak diikuti oleh object kalimat, sedangkan kalimat 4 sampai 6 adalah kalimat transitif karena diikuti oleh object kalimat (yaitu: five different meals, English, dan mango fruit)
Sebagai predikat, kecuali pada simple present tense dan simple past tense, tensis lainnya menggunakan verbs yang ditambahi auxiliary. Inilah yang disebut dengan verb phrase. Untuk itu, hafalkan pola-pola tensis dalam kaitannya dengan penggunaan verbs.

Contoh:
1. They usually play cards on Saturday night. (Mereka biasanya main kartu pada malam Minggu)
2. We don’t smoke. (Kami tidak merokok).
3. My sister cleaned the house yesterday. (Adikku membersihkan rumah kemarin).
4. Our teacher discussed the use of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense last week. (Guru kita mendiskusikan penggunaan past perfect continuous tense minggu lalu)

Dari keempat contoh diatas, hanya digunakan single verb: verb1 (contoh 1-2) dan verb2 (contoh 3-4).

Sekarang mari kita bandingkan dengan penggunaan verb phrase pada contoh kalimat berikut:

1. Andi, Anto, Anjas, and I are doing homework now. (Perhatikan, to be are, bukan am yang digunakan dalam kalimat seperti ini karena digunakannya conjunction and pada Andi, Anto, Anjas, and I, membuat subject menjadi plural, dan dapat digantikan dengan subject pronoun they ). Bedakan dengan kalimat berikut:
2. Either Andi, Anto, Anjas, or I am doing homework now. Lihat bedanya?
3. Mr. Dodo has gone to his office.
4. We will defeat him soon.
5. Before he went to Bali, John had bought a luggage full of clothes.
6. He could’ve passed the exam if he had studied well.

Note:

1. Penggunakan verb dalam kalimat (kapan kita gunakan verb1, verb2, verb3, (verb1+ing), ect) selalu berdasarkan tensis (waktu dan proses berlangsungnya kejadian atau aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh subject kalimat).
2. Antara subject dengan verb harus selalu in agreement (subject-verb agreement).
3. Verb sangat banyak jumlahnya. Dengan sering membaca tulisan berbahasa Inggris, mencatat setiap verb baru, dan membuat kalimat dengan menggunakan verb baru tersebut, maka vocab anda akan cepat bertambah dan tidak akan mudah dilupa. Ingat: Practice makes perfect!

agree (menyetujui) appear (tampak) attempt (berusaha) claim (mengklaim) decide (memutuskan) demand (menuntut) desire (berkeinginan) expect (berharap) fail (gagal)	hesitate (ragu-ragu) hope (berharap) intend (bermaksud) learn (belajar) need (membutuhkan) offer (menawarkan) plan (merencanakan) prepare (mempersiapkan) pretend (pura-pura)	promise (berjanji) refuse (menolak) seem (tampak) strive (berusaha keras) tend (cenderung) try (mencoba) want (ingin) wish (berharap) would like (ingin/mau)
begin (mulai) can’t bear (tidak tahan) can’t stand (tidak tahan) continue (melanjutkan)	dislike (tidak suka) dread (takut) hate (benci) like (suka)	love (cinta) prefer (lebih suka) start (mulai)
stop (berhenti)	remember (ingat)	forget (lupa)

advise (menasehati) allow (mengijinkan) ask (menyuruh) encourage (mendorong) expect (mengharapkan) force (memaksa)

invite (mengundang) need (membutuhkan) order (memerintah) permit (mengijinkan) remind (mengingatkan) require (membutuhkan)

tell (memberi tahu) want (menginginkan) warn (memperingatkan) would like (mau)

able (dapat) anxious (cemas, antusias) boring (bosan) common (umum) dangerous (berbahaya) difficult (sulit)

eager (antusias) easy (mudah) good (baik) hard (sulit) pleased (senang) prepared (siap)

ready (siap) strange (aneh) usual (biasa)