Subjunctive adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian. Namun topik Subjunctive ini berbeda dengan Conditional. Conditional adalah kalimat pengandaian juga namun perbedaannya adalah Conditional dilengkapi dengan syarat-syarat tertentu untuk mengandai-andai. Misalnya "Aku akan mengundanya jika aku jadi kamu.". Berikut ini adalah penjelasan tentang Subjunctives.

Struktur Subjunctive

be (past)

    * I were
    * you were
    * he, she, it were
    * we were
    * you were
    * they were

be (present)

    * I be
    * you be
    * he, she, it be
    * we be
    * you be
    * they be

Kata kerja lain (past & present)

    * I work
    * you work
    * he, she, it work
    * we work
    * you work
    * they work

Penggunaan Subjunctive

Kita menggunakan subjunctives ketika kita berbicara tentang suatu kegiatan yang sebenarnya tidak akan terjadi. Kita menggunakan subjunctive ketika berbicara tentang kegiatan yang seseorang:

    * Inginkan agar terjadi
    * Harapkan akan terjadi
    * Membayangkan akan terjadi

Contoh:

    * The President requests that you be present at the meeting.
    * It is vital that you be present at the meeting.
    * If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy.

Subjunctive biasanya menggunakan kedua struktur berikut:

    * Kata Kerja: ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest + that
    * Ekspresi: it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that

Contoh:

    * The manager insists that the car park be locked at night.
    * The board of directors recommended that he join the company.
    * It is essential that we vote as soon as possible.
    * It was necessary that every student submit his essay by the weekend.

Perhatikan bahwa struktur berikut ini, subjunctive-nya sama. Tidak masalah kalimat itu tenses-nya past atau present. Contoh:

    * Present: The President requests that they stop the occupation.
    * Past: The President requested that they stop the occupation.

    * Present: It is essential that she be present.
    * Past: It was essential that she be present.

Kita selalu menggunakan were sebagai pengganti "was" setelah if (dan kata lainnya yang memiliki arti yang sama). Contoh:

    * If I were you, I would ask her.
    * Suppose she were here. What would you say?


Mengapa kita menggunakan "I were", "he were"?

Kita sering mendengar orang berkata "if I were you, I would go" atau "if he were here, he would tell you". Memang normalnya adalah: I was, he was. Tetapi struktur if I were you tidak melihat Past Tense". Struktur tersebut hanya mengenal past subjunctive untuk "to be" nya. Perhatikan contoh kata-kata/frase di bawah ini untuk struktur di atas:

    * if
    * as if
    * wish
    * suppose

    * If I were younger, I would go. (FORMAL)
    * If I was younger, I would go. (INFORMAL)
    * If he weren't so mean, he would buy one for me.(FORMAL)
    * If he wasn't so mean, he would buy one for me. (INFORMAL)
    * I wish I weren't so slow! (FORMAL)
    * I wish I wasn't so slow! (INFORMAL)
    * I wish it were longer. (FORMAL)
    * I wish it was longer. (INFORMAL)
    * It's not as if I were ugly. (FORMAL)
    * It's not as if I was ugly. (INFORMAL)
    * She acts as if she were Queen. (FORMAL)
    * She acts as if she was Queen. (INFORMAL)
    * If I were you, I should tell her. (FORMAL)
    * If I was you, I should tell her.  (INFORMAL)

Note: We do not normally say "if I was you", even in familiar conversation.

Beberapa ekspresi menggunakan subjunctive. Contoh:

    * Long live the King!
    * God bless America!
    * Heaven forbid!
    * Be that as it may, he still wants to see her.
    * Come what may, I will never forget you.
    * We are all citizens of the world, as it were.
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Labels: Grammar