Future perfect continous tense
Untuk menyatakan bahwa kejadian / aktivitas akan terus terjadi / dilakukan sampai batas waktu tertentu dimasa mendatang
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object ?
Contoh
( + ) Farmers in Jati Bali will have been growing rice crops for 40 years by the end of this year. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi selama 40 tahun sebelum tahun ini berakhir).
( - ) When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will not have been being at school for 10 hours yet.
( ? ) When your dad picks you up at 1 p.m., will you have been being at school for 10 hours?
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object ?
Contoh
( + ) Farmers in Jati Bali will have been growing rice crops for 40 years by the end of this year. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi selama 40 tahun sebelum tahun ini berakhir).
( - ) When my dad picks me up at 1 p.m., I will not have been being at school for 10 hours yet.
( ? ) When your dad picks you up at 1 p.m., will you have been being at school for 10 hours?
The only use of this tense is to talk about future actions that will be finished before some specified point in the future.
Pola
Positive Sentences
| Subject | + | Auxiliary verb | + | Auxiliary verb | + | Verb + ing |
| e.g. I/a dog etc. | will | have | e.g. eaten/given/gone etc. |
| Examples | ||
 | I will have retired by the end of this year. | |
| I read 40 pages a day. If I keep up the pace, I will have read the book by Tuesday. | |
Questions
| Auxiliary verb | + | Subject | + | Auxiliary verb | + | Verb + ing |
| will | e.g. I/a dog etc. | have | e.g. eaten/given/gone etc. |
| Examples | ||
| Will they have graduated from Cambridge by July 2009? | |
| Will I have retired by the end of the year? | |
| Will you have bought a new processor by the end of this week? | |
Negative Sentences
| Subject | + | Auxiliary verb + not | + | Auxiliary verb | + | Verb + ing |
| e.g. I/a dog etc. | will not | have | e.g. eaten/given/gone etc. |
| Examples | ||
| They won't have graduated from from Cambridge by July 2009. | |
| My uncle won't have retired by the end of the year. | |
future continuous tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung in the future
Pola
Subject + will + be + (verb 1 + ing ) + object + modifier
Subject + [ ( is / am / are ) going to ] +be + ( verb 1 + ing ) object + modifier
contoh
Farmers in Jati Bali will be growing rice crops at 9 a.m. tomorrow. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan sedang menanam padi jam 9 pagi besok)
Pola
Subject + will + be + (verb 1 + ing ) + object + modifier
Subject + [ ( is / am / are ) going to ] +be + ( verb 1 + ing ) object + modifier
contoh
Farmers in Jati Bali will be growing rice crops at 9 a.m. tomorrow. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan sedang menanam padi jam 9 pagi besok)
Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kegiatan yang telah dan sedang berlangsung sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi di masa lampau.
Pola kalimat:
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing
contoh:
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)
- Dia telah tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years (-)
- dia belum tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)
- apakah dia telah tinggal di Jakarta selamat 10 tahun ?
Catatan
Pola kalimat past perfect continuous tense juga dipakai dalam kalimat tak langsung (indirect/reported speech). Bentuk kalimat tak langsung ini sepadan dengan bentuk kalimat langsung (direct speech) dengan pola past continuous tense dan present perfect continuous tense.
Jane said, “I have been gardening all afternoon.”
Jane said she had been gardening all afternoon. (indirect speech)
When the police questioned him, John said “I was working late in the office that night.”
When the police questioned him, John told them he had been working late in the office that night. (indirect speech)
Pola kalimat:
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing
contoh:
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)
- Dia telah tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years (-)
- dia belum tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)
- apakah dia telah tinggal di Jakarta selamat 10 tahun ?
Catatan
Pola kalimat past perfect continuous tense juga dipakai dalam kalimat tak langsung (indirect/reported speech). Bentuk kalimat tak langsung ini sepadan dengan bentuk kalimat langsung (direct speech) dengan pola past continuous tense dan present perfect continuous tense.
Jane said, “I have been gardening all afternoon.”
Jane said she had been gardening all afternoon. (indirect speech)
When the police questioned him, John said “I was working late in the office that night.”
When the police questioned him, John told them he had been working late in the office that night. (indirect speech)
POLA:
Subject + shall + Verb 1 + … will |
FUNGSI:
- Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
Bobby will come here tomorrow. I shall call my parents when I get home.- Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.
Contoh:
Tomy will be fourteen years old next year. We shall die one day. KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.
POLA:
Subject + Had + Verb 3 |
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.
Contoh:
The teachers went home after they had finished teaching. When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed. KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.
POLA:
Subject + was + Verb- ing were |
FUNGSI:
- Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I was studying at my friend’s house. My parents were chatting in the living room.- Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .
Contoh:
When I was studying, someone knocked the door. When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastroPOLA:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object + ….
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
- Last …. - …ago - This afternoon
- Just now - This morning - Yesterday
Subject + Verb 2 + Object + ….
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
- Last …. - …ago - This afternoon
- Just now - This morning - Yesterday
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA :
Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing
Has
FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three months.
The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.
Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing
Has
FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three months.
The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.
POLA:
Subject + Have + Verb 3 + …. Has |
FUNGSI :
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.
Contoh :
William Shakespeare has written many short stories. I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.- Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh:
My friends and I have gone to Bali. Shinta has visited her grand parents many times. KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.
menyatakan bahwa subject kalimat sedang melakukan suatu kegiatan. Pada saat dibicarakan (now), kejadian atau aktivitas tersebut sedang berlangsung.
POLA :
( + ) Subject + (is/am/are) + (Verb1+ing)
( - ) Subject + (is/ am/are) + not + (Verb1+ing)
( ? ) (Is/Am/Are) + Subject + (Verb1+ ing)
Contoh
( + ) Farmers in Jati Bali are growing rice crops now. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali sedang bercock tanam padi sekarang)
( - ) We are not studying English now. (Kita tidak sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang)
( ? ) Are we studying English at the moment? (Apakah kita sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang?)
POLA :
( + ) Subject + (is/am/are) + (Verb1+ing)
( - ) Subject + (is/ am/are) + not + (Verb1+ing)
( ? ) (Is/Am/Are) + Subject + (Verb1+ ing)
Contoh
( + ) Farmers in Jati Bali are growing rice crops now. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali sedang bercock tanam padi sekarang)
( - ) We are not studying English now. (Kita tidak sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang)
( ? ) Are we studying English at the moment? (Apakah kita sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang?)
POLA:
Subject + Verb 1 + …. They / We I / You | Subject + Verb s-es + …. He / She It |
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
The students go to school everyday. She studies English twice a week. I go to church on Sundays We celebrate our independence day once in a year. b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. The earth revolves round the sun. The pineapple never grows up on a tree. c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
- Every morning/day/week/month/year
- Once, twice, three times, four times, …
- Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.
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